But specifically, does the TS increase linearly over time, or is there some exponential component?
Does it depend on watts, or watts/kilogram?
Does it depend on HR?
Suppose Cyclist A rides for 3 hrs at 3w/kg, continuously, on a trainer. A week later, he rides identically at the same intensity, but in 3 1-hour blocks, with a substantial rest between those blocks.
Would he get the same Training Stress in those two different situations? (To me, the first would seem quite a bit tougher…)
You are correct to assume that the first workout will be a bit tougher, as TSS/Load doesn’t account for the changes in the calculation, so load after 1 hour will be the same at 3 hours, assuming the intensity and normalised power is the same.